Research Article
The Significance of Providing the Optimal Micronutrients to the Preterm Low Birth Weight Infants to Prevent Long-Term Health Consequences
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
189-200
Received:
26 August 2025
Accepted:
9 September 2025
Published:
30 September 2025
Abstract: Premature infants have less nutritional storage capacity and an underdeveloped body, which makes them particularly susceptible to malnutrition. Nutrient surplus and deficiency are possibilities when supplemental feeding is unbalanced. However, little is known about what kids should eat once they are discharged from the hospital. Since many bodily processes depend on micronutrients, it's critical to plan supplemental nutrition with an optimum consumption in mind. This written summary describes the requirements for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), iron, zinc, vitamin D, calcium, and phosphate for premature newborns receiving supplemental feeding. The scientific community is beginning to acknowledge the advantages of giving premature babies iron and vitamin D supplements. But as of right now, there isn't enough information available to make firm recommendations about the addition of calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and LCPUFAs. Nonetheless, the health of premature infants depends on the following micronutrients: Large chain polyunsaturated fats (LCPUFAs) support the development of the retina and brain, while calcium and phosphorus dosages are necessary to prevent metabolic bone disease (MBD) in preterm infants. It is obvious how understanding the variability of the premature population may help adapt nutritional planning in connection to the development rate, comorbidities, and thorough clinical history of the preterm newborn, even while we wait for consensus on these micronutrients.
Abstract: Premature infants have less nutritional storage capacity and an underdeveloped body, which makes them particularly susceptible to malnutrition. Nutrient surplus and deficiency are possibilities when supplemental feeding is unbalanced. However, little is known about what kids should eat once they are discharged from the hospital. Since many bodily p...
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Case Report
Rheumatic Chorea Without Cardiac Involvement in a 10-Year-Old Girl from a Remote Area: Diagnostic and Management Challenges
Violita Iwamony*
,
Nyoman Gina Henny Kristianti
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
201-206
Received:
16 September 2025
Accepted:
30 September 2025
Published:
27 October 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajp.20251104.12
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Abstract: Rheumatic Chorea, also known as Sydenham Chorea, is a major neurological manifestation of acute rheumatic fever, an autoimmune complication following infection with Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS). It remains common in low- and middle-income countries, where limited healthcare access may delay diagnosis and increase the risk of complications, particulary cardiac. We report a case of a 10-year-old girl from a remote area who presented with involuntary movements, joint pain, and a history of throat infection one month prior to symptom onset. Laboratory tests showed elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and a positive Anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titer, indicating a recent streptococcal infection. Cardiac examination, including the electrocardiography (ECG), revealed no abnormalities. However, echocardiography, the gold standard for detecting subclinical carditis, was not performed due to lack of available resources. The patient was treated with haloperidol and trihexyphenidyl for chorea, penicillin G benzathine for eradication and prophylaxis of streotococcal infection, and aspirin for its anti-inflammatory effects. Clinical improvement was noted within one month of therapy. This case met the 2015 revised Jones criteria for moderate-risk populations, with major criteria including Sydenham chorea and polyarthralgia, and evidence of recent streptococcal infection (positive ASO). Absence of cardiac involvement may reflect early recognition and treatment, although echocardiography is required to exclude subclinical carditis. Symptomatic therapy and long-term antibiotic prophylaxis are crucial for preventing complications. Rheumatic Chorea can occur without cardiac involvement. Particularly in resource-limited remote areas, early diagnosis, adherence to Jones criteria, and secondary prophylaxis are essential to prevent long-term sequelae.
Abstract: Rheumatic Chorea, also known as Sydenham Chorea, is a major neurological manifestation of acute rheumatic fever, an autoimmune complication following infection with Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS). It remains common in low- and middle-income countries, where limited healthcare access may delay diagnosis and increase the risk of complicati...
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